Anyone who’s ever been on a diet will know just how hard it is to shed some kilos and keep them off.
The most recent research shows that two in three (67 per cent) Australians aged 18 and over are overweight or obese (36 per cent are overweight but not obese, and 31 per cent are obese). That’s around 12.5 million adults.
Men have higher rates of overweight and obesity than women (75 per cent of men and 60 per cent of women), and higher rates of obesity (33 per cent of men and 30 per cent of women).
Obesity is more common in older age groups – 16 per cent of adults aged 18–24 are obese, compared with 41 per cent of adults aged 65–74.
Here are six different behaviours that could be preventing weight loss, or making you more likely to regain weight.
1. Eating too much in the evening
The body’s circadian rhythms – fluctuations in physiological functions throughout the day – play an important role in regulating the metabolism.
Many of these rhythms peak in the morning, suggesting the body is better adapted to digesting and metabolising food earlier in the day.
Therefore, if you eat more in the evenings, you’re less likely to lose weight than if you eat earlier. Dr Leonie Ruddick Collins, a research fellow at the University of Aberdeen, says: “In a society where most of our energy intake is consumed in the evening, how to implement appropriate meal times is a challenge that needs to be addressed.”
Read: Does coffee help you lose weight?
2. Not getting enough sleep
One study indicated sleep deprivation can lead to an increase of ~385kcal/day with no increase in energy expenditure to match intake. #sleep https://t.co/Mxv3WDbFDR
— Sarah Rose Nutrition (@sarahrose_nutri) October 2, 2018
“Short sleep is a significant factor related to weight gain,” says Dr Wendy Hall, a reader of nutritional sciences at King’s College London.
As well as making it more likely that you’ll snack or eat late at night, short sleep is associated with lower fruit and vegetable intake and greater consumption of free sugars. Studies suggest sleeping for longer may help keep weight off, although Dr Hall says more research is needed.
3. No support
Supportive relationships can make a huge difference to people’s motivation and weight loss success, says Dr Katy Sutcliffe, an associate professor at University College London,
So if you go it alone, with no support from relatives, friends or people at a slimming class, you’ll be less likely to succeed with your weight loss goals.
“Relationships should be seen as an essential first step in a weight management journey because they provide a much-needed external motivator, or hook, for people to engage successfully with weight management programs,” says Dr Sutcliffe.
Read: How to support someone trying to lose weight
Support in a slimming class encourages people to attend, and also helps them begin and keep up with healthy eating and exercise.
“It’s through these initial experiences that people become self-motivated to be healthy, which is fundamental to longer-term weight maintenance,” explains Dr Sutcliffe.
4. You’re restricting calories every day
To fast or not to fast? Comparisons of the metabolic effects of different types of diet found those that featured calorie restrictions at certain times may be best for weight loss.
Dr Adam Collins, a senior tutor in nutrition at the University of Surrey, found that intermittent energy restriction diets (fasting on set days, such as the 5:2 diet) and time restricted feeding diets (only eating in less than 12 hour periods) can provide an easier approach to weight loss than standard diets that require restricted calorie intake every single day, and they may have favourable metabolic benefits.
However, Dr Collins warns that despite potentially better handling of dietary fat, there’s evidence that fasting diets could lead to an impaired response to glucose, so more research is needed.
5. You ignore your emotions
Here is a blog I have written for World Obesity Day on the importance of reducing weight stigma and discrimination @EndWeightStigma @ncdalliance https://t.co/zhZW4sTlLE
— Stuart Flint (@DrStuartFlint) October 10, 2018
Losing weight sparks physiological and behavioural changes that can lead to people putting the weight back on, explains Professor James Stubbs, who specialises in appetite and energy balance at the University of Leeds.
He says 80 per cent of weight loss attempts end in weight being regained, largely due to increased eating rather than reduced physical activity.
Binge eating is relatively common in people who struggle with their weight, and negative emotions, sometimes prompted by weight discrimination, can lead to comfort eating, which is a barrier to losing weight and to maintaining weight loss in the long-term.
Read: Eating chocolate for breakfast could lead to weight loss: study
6. You followed a diet that worked for someone else
George Thom begins by highlighting that caloric restriction is the fundamental premise of every successful weight loss strategy, regardless of whether it involves reducing carbohydrates, fat, fasting or meal replacements #BNFWHWconf
— British Nutrition Foundation (@BNFEvents) October 2, 2018
Evidence suggests total diet replacement-led programs are the most successful diets, says George Thom, a research associate at the University of Glasgow, but he stresses: “People vary in preferences and there’s no ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach when it comes to weight management.”
He says people who want to lose weight should be encouraged to try evidence-based diets, but it’s perhaps more important that they’ve got a supportive network around them when they start it.
“We tend to aim to get people to make dietary changes for life, but there are few habits that we start, and maintain forever,” he points out. “Most things are done in phases and weight management is a bit like that for some people. We need to maximise weight loss when we can, and minimise weight regain when priorities are elsewhere.”
“It’s clear that different weight loss strategies can work for different people but finding effective strategies for long-term sustainability of weight loss continues to be the major challenge,” says nutritionist Ayela Spiro.
“There’s growing evidence that highlights the complexity of factors that may impact on successful weight management, and these reflect that it’s not just what we eat that’s important, but also how and when we eat.”
Are you on a weight loss journey? What are some of the things that are working for you? Let us know in the comments section below.
– With PA
